Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder marked by difficulties in falling asleep, staying asleep, or achieving restorative sleep. Individuals may experience frequent awakenings, early morning risings, and daytime fatigue, leading to irritability, anxiety, and concentration issues. Chronic insomnia can have serious health implications, including a weakened immune system and increased risk of chronic diseases. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough evaluation of sleep patterns, medical history, and lifestyle factors. Healthcare professionals may utilize sleep diaries and standardized questionnaires like the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess insomnia severity. A diagnosis requires persistent sleep difficulties for at least three months. In some cases, further testing such as polysomnography may be necessary to rule out other sleep disorders. Treatment options range from lifestyle modifications and cognitive-behavioral therapy to medications aimed at improving sleep quality. Insomnia can affect anyone, regardless of age or background, but certain factors like stress and medical conditions can increase susceptibility.